Beijing Beijing introduced a new system in December 2010. To relieve congestion around Third Ring Road, the city increased parking fees and restricted vehicles according to odd and even numbers on their license plates on respective days.

    Guangzhou Guangzhou increased parking fees in downtown areas starting from January this year.

    Shanghai Shanghai controlled the increase in the number of vehicles through auctions of license plates. A license plate can cost up to 40,000 yuan.

    Hong Kong Hong Kong increased the cost of private cars in a move to reduce the number of cars on the road. In Hong Kong, 90 percent of commuters use public transport. It cost about HK$60 to park for an hour in Central and gasoline is sold at HK$16 per liter. Buses enjoy discounts in gasoline use.

    Singapore Drivers must purchase a car ownership certificate before they purchase a vehicle. The certificate is valid for 10 years and drivers need to pay an extra fee to renew.

    London London imposed a 5 pound (US$7.94) congestion fee for vehicles entering downtown areas between 7 a.m. and 6 p.m. in 2003.

    New York Drivers to Manhattan have to park their cars on the outskirts of New York City before taking the Metro or train to work. (Han Ximin, Luo Miao)