BIRDS not only use a variety of calls to communicate different messages, but some can also combine these calls in a specific way to form “phrases” to convey more complex information.

    Japanese great tits, also known as Parus minor, have been found to combine calls together to produce messages that convey different meanings.

    Scientists say this is the first example of the use of syntax by non-human animals to be discovered.

    Great tits are well known for having a diverse vocal repertoire, with some species producing more than 40 different songs and calls.

    Japanese great tits are closely related to the great tits which are commonly found in gardens in Britain.

    Now a team of researchers from Japan, Germany and Sweden found that the bird not only uses different calls but also uses syntax — a set of rules that give them structure.

    Among the bird’s threat responses is a call that Dr. Toshitaka Suzuki, who led the research at the Graduate University for Advanced Studies, Kanagawa, Japan, labels “ABC,” and which means “scan for danger.”

    The tits use these calls to warn others of a perched predator such as a falcon.

    Another call, labelled “D,” means “come here” and is used when discovering a new food source or to encourage a partner into the nest.

    The tits demonstrate their mastery of communications by using these calls either alone or in combination, to communicate complex information.

    (SD-Agencies)